[{"id":"af59cae1-f66e-4ca5-bba9-60fba6debf13","thread_id":"b3024674-4d7f-4035-9f78-3f73d2132e88","created_at":"2025-08-26T19:20:53Z","state":"done","prompt":"When I have gpu as a physical pass through to a VM and want to enable aspm with the force_aspm boot option, do I enable it on the host or in the vm","reply":"<details><summary>Planning research...</summary> </details>\n<details><summary>Planning research...</summary> </details>\n<details><summary>Planning research...</summary> Clarify if the force_aspm boot option should be enabled on the host, within the VM, or both, when using GPU passthrough to a VM.<p></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Find authoritative sources or documentation about force_aspm and its effect in passthrough scenarios.</li>\n<li>Determine where ASPM settings impact actual PCIe hardware behavior: host, VM, or both.</li>\n<li>Summarize recommendation and implications for reliability or performance.</li></ol></details>\n\n<details><summary>Searching with Kagi:<p></p>\n<ul>\n<li>GPU passthrough VM force_aspm host or guest</li>\n<li>PCIe ASPM passthrough KVM</li>\n<li>Does force_aspm need to be set on host or VM for GPU passthrough</li>\n<li>PCIe ASPM virtualization passthrough documentation</li>\n<li>PCIe ASPM control in virtualized GPU environments</li></ul></summary> Sources (50):<br>\n<strong>Using passthrough GPU as host on my main system : r/VFIO - Reddit</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/VFIO/comments/yzsbyt/using_passthrough_gpu_as_host_on_my_main_system/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.reddit.com/r/VFIO/comments/yzsbyt/using_passthrough_gpu_as_host_on_my_main_system/</a><br>\nNov 20, 2022 My question is simple: is there a way to boot using my RTX3080Ti as host, and once I start the VM switch my GPU and use the RTX one for the VM and the GT 730 ...\n\n<p><strong>GPU Passthrough on Windows Host : r/virtualization - Reddit</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/virtualization/comments/mygyb7/gpu_passthrough_on_windows_host/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.reddit.com/r/virtualization/comments/mygyb7/gpu_passthrough_on_windows_host/</a><br>\nApr 25, 2021 I have a PC with multiple PCIE slots. I am running Windows, but would like to have Linux on a VM and pass the GPU in my other slot to it.</p>\n<p><strong>Switching GPU between Linux host and Windows guest VM ... - Reddit</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/linux_gaming/comments/7nnjcm/switching_gpu_between_linux_host_and_windows/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.reddit.com/r/linux_gaming/comments/7nnjcm/switching_gpu_between_linux_host_and_windows/</a><br>\nJan 02, 2018 The Windows 10 vm is running on KVM/qemu and is managed with libvirt/virt-manager. Using vfio, the gpu is unbound from the host and the guest vm ...</p>\n<p><strong>Hyper-V GPU Passthrough: A Beginner’s Guide - NAKIVO</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.nakivo.com/blog/hyper-v-gpu-passthrough/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.nakivo.com/blog/hyper-v-gpu-passthrough/</a><br>\n Hyper-V GPU passthrough allows VMs to access the host’s GPU directly. Configure it to enable using a physical video card in a VM’s guest operating system.</p>\n<p><strong>How to Assign (Passthrough) a Physical GPU to a Hyper-V Virtual Machine</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://woshub.com/passthrough-gpu-to-hyperv-vm/\" target=\"_blank\">https://woshub.com/passthrough-gpu-to-hyperv-vm/</a><br>\n In the desktop Windows 10 and 11, you can use GPU partitioning to share the video card with the virtual machine. This article describes how to assign a physical GPU to a virtual machine on Hyper-V. VMware PCI Passthrough (VMDirectPath) is the VMware equivalent of this feature.</p>\n<p><strong>bryansteiner/gpu-passthrough-tutorial - GitHub</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://github.com/bryansteiner/gpu-passthrough-tutorial\" target=\"_blank\">https://github.com/bryansteiner/gpu-passthrough-tutorial</a><br>\n In this tutorial, I will create a GPU passthrough setup. Specifically, I will be passing through an NVIDIA GPU to my guest VM while using an AMD GPU for my host ...</p>\n<p><strong>hyper_v_gpu_passthrough/README.md at main...</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://github.com/gytsto/hyper_v_gpu_passthrough/blob/main/README.md\" target=\"_blank\">https://github.com/gytsto/hyper_v_gpu_passthrough/blob/main/README.md</a><br>\nMar 26, 2022 Contribute to gytsto/hyper_v_gpu_passthrough development by creating an account on GitHub.</p>\n<p><strong>GitHub - adgross/gpu-passthrough: GPU Passthrough notes for...</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://github.com/adgross/gpu-passthrough\" target=\"_blank\">https://github.com/adgross/gpu-passthrough</a><br>\nSep 10, 2020 You may want to use the primary GPU for the host or don't need the guest running all the time, like when you don't need the gpu passthrough to play some Windows-only game.Start the GPU Passthrough VM (you can use virt-manager). VM is running... do whatever you want.</p>\n<p><strong>GitHub - HarbourHeading/KVM-GPU-Passthrough: Headless...</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://github.com/HarbourHeading/KVM-GPU-Passthrough\" target=\"_blank\">https://github.com/HarbourHeading/KVM-GPU-Passthrough</a><br>\nNov 10, 2024 Headless Windows 11 or 10 VM with full GPU and CPU passthrough using QEMU KVM on Ubuntu Server.Note: This guide isolates the GPU from the Ubuntu host for security reasons.</p>\n<p><strong>Single GPU Passthrough for Windows 11 VM - GitHub</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://github.com/nreymundo/vm-single-gpu-passthrough\" target=\"_blank\">https://github.com/nreymundo/vm-single-gpu-passthrough</a><br>\n This repository contains a collection of scripts and configuration files to facilitate a single GPU passthrough setup for a Windows 11 virtual machine using Libvirt and QEMU/KVM.</p>\n<p><strong>What all pcie devices should I passthrough to KVM to make a fully ...</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/VFIO/comments/kldjqy/what_all_pcie_devices_should_i_passthrough_to_kvm/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.reddit.com/r/VFIO/comments/kldjqy/what_all_pcie_devices_should_i_passthrough_to_kvm/</a><br>\nDec 27, 2020 Easiest and simplest is just pass through the entire usb controller pcie device, like you said. Then anything connected to that controller will ...</p>\n<p><strong>PCI Passthrough for KVM : r/homelab - Reddit</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/homelab/comments/8kerq9/pci_passthrough_for_kvm/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.reddit.com/r/homelab/comments/8kerq9/pci_passthrough_for_kvm/</a><br>\n I'm having trouble passing through one of my ethernet ports directly to a pfSense VM. From my research, I've gathered that my problem is that both of my ethernet ports are in the same IOMMU group (whatever that is), but I can't for the life of me figure out how to get them into different groups.</p>\n<p><strong>Chapter 15. PCI passthrough | Virtualization Guide - Red Hat</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/5/html/virtualization/chap-virtualization-pci_passthrough\" target=\"_blank\">https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/5/html/virtualization/chap-virtualization-pci_passthrough</a><br>\nDec 04, 2013 This chapter covers using PCI passthrough with Xen and KVM hypervisors. KVM and Xen hypervisors support attaching PCI devices on the host system to guests.</p>\n<p><strong>20.23. Adding Multifunction PCI Devices to KVM Guest Virtual ... - Red Hat</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/virtualization_deployment_and_administration_guide/sect-editing_a_guest_virtual_machines_configuration_file-adding_multifunction_pci_devices_to_kvm_guest_virtual_machines\" target=\"_blank\">https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/virtualization_deployment_and_administration_guide/sect-editing_a_guest_virtual_machines_configuration_file-adding_multifunction_pci_devices_to_kvm_guest_virtual_machines</a><br>\n As a workaround for this problem, when attaching a large number of disks to your virtual machine, make sure that your system disk has a small pci slot number, so SeaBIOS sees it first when scanning the pci bus.</p>\n<p><strong>virtualization - Ubuntu 22.04 GPU passthrough (QEMU) - Ask Ubuntu</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://askubuntu.com/questions/1406888/ubuntu-22-04-gpu-passthrough-qemu\" target=\"_blank\">https://askubuntu.com/questions/1406888/ubuntu-22-04-gpu-passthrough-qemu</a><br>\nMay 06, 2022 add PCI Host Devices for GPU passthrough.Run virt-manager with sudo privileges or use chown, chgrp, chmod commands to fix. See the STEPS from this GUIDE. Problem: The guest machine start normally but I see a black screen on the output of PCI-Express Graphics Device.</p>\n<p><strong>kvm virtualization - Ubuntu Server KVM, Passthrough PCI Device</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://askubuntu.com/questions/729013/ubuntu-server-kvm-passthrough-pci-device\" target=\"_blank\">https://askubuntu.com/questions/729013/ubuntu-server-kvm-passthrough-pci-device</a><br>\nApr 23, 2017 Tunner card PCI passthrough on KVM.kvm, pci passthrough: unable to detach nvidia card for kernel 5.4 andabove. 1. Ubuntu 20.04 Unable to Login after PCI Passthrough.</p>\n<p><strong>virtualization - Tunner card PCI passthrough on KVM - Ask Ubuntu</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://askubuntu.com/questions/568621/tunner-card-pci-passthrough-on-kvm\" target=\"_blank\">https://askubuntu.com/questions/568621/tunner-card-pci-passthrough-on-kvm</a><br>\nJan 04, 2015 Ubuntu Server KVM, Passthrough PCI Device. 1. VirtualBox GPU Passthrough: Code 12 in guest.</p>\n<p><strong>PCIe passthrough - Jetson Xavier NX - NVIDIA Developer Forums</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/t/pcie-passthrough/237001\" target=\"_blank\">https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/t/pcie-passthrough/237001</a><br>\nDec 13, 2022 I'm trying to do PCIe passthrough from host to Qemu-KVM. I do see the WiFi card being added to an IOMMU group when booting up.</p>\n<p><strong>RTX 3060 PCI passthrough to guest under KVM（qemu）</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/t/rtx-3060-pci-passthrough-to-guest-under-kvm-qemu/230983\" target=\"_blank\">https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/t/rtx-3060-pci-passthrough-to-guest-under-kvm-qemu/230983</a><br>\nOct 17, 2022 I’m trying to passthrough RTX 3060 to instance (virtual machine) under KVM (qemu). Host is ubuntu20.04. VM is Win10. Host bios config is : intel_iommu=on iommu=pt vfio-pci.ids=10de:2487,10de:228b vfio-pci.disable_idle…</p>\n<p>**<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/guest-internal-error-when-passing-through-pcie.99239/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/guest-internal-error-when-passing-through-pcie.99239/</a>reads/guest-internal-error-when-passing-through-pcie.99239/)<br>\nNov 06, 2021 The guest runs fine without PCI passthrough. It only gets the \"internal error\" when the PCI passthrough is set. I have two VMs running with USB ...</p>\n<p><strong>GPU Passthrough on Windows Host : r/virtualization - Reddit</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/virtualization/comments/mygyb7/gpu_passthrough_on_windows_host/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.reddit.com/r/virtualization/comments/mygyb7/gpu_passthrough_on_windows_host/</a><br>\nApr 25, 2021 I have a PC with multiple PCIE slots. I am running Windows, but would like to have Linux on a VM and pass the GPU in my other slot to it.</p>\n<p><strong>The Ultimate Beginner's Guide to GPU Passthrough (Proxmox ... - Reddit</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/homelab/comments/b5xpua/the_ultimate_beginners_guide_to_gpu_passthrough/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.reddit.com/r/homelab/comments/b5xpua/the_ultimate_beginners_guide_to_gpu_passthrough/</a><br>\n I'll be guiding you through the process of configuring GPU Passthrough for your Proxmox Virtual Machine Guests. This guide is aimed at beginners to virtualization, particularly for Proxmox users. It is intended as an overall guide for passing through a GPU (or multiple GPUs) to your Virtual Machine (s).</p>\n<p><strong>Intel Arc 770 for passthrough? : r/VFIO - Reddit</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/VFIO/comments/10nmhea/intel_arc_770_for_passthrough/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.reddit.com/r/VFIO/comments/10nmhea/intel_arc_770_for_passthrough/</a><br>\n Intel Arc 770 for passthrough? I have a working vfio setup at the moment using a 1660 Super passed through to a Win10 VM, which is used for gaming and content creation via Adobe Premiere and OBS. Im using virt-manager/KVM.</p>\n<p><strong>Hyper-V GPU Passthrough: A Beginner’s Guide - NAKIVO</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.nakivo.com/blog/hyper-v-gpu-passthrough/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.nakivo.com/blog/hyper-v-gpu-passthrough/</a><br>\n The latest graphics drivers must be installed on the Hyper-V host and VM guest using GPU passthrough. Only Generation 2 Hyper-V VMs must be used for GPU passthrough with DDA.</p>\n<p><strong>bryansteiner/gpu-passthrough-tutorial - GitHub</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://github.com/bryansteiner/gpu-passthrough-tutorial\" target=\"_blank\">https://github.com/bryansteiner/gpu-passthrough-tutorial</a><br>\nFeb 13, 2020 In this tutorial, I will create a GPU passthrough setup. Specifically, I will be passing through an NVIDIA GPU to my guest VM while using an AMD GPU for my host ...</p>\n<p><strong>GitHub - HarbourHeading/KVM-GPU-Passthrough: Headless...</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://github.com/HarbourHeading/KVM-GPU-Passthrough\" target=\"_blank\">https://github.com/HarbourHeading/KVM-GPU-Passthrough</a><br>\nNov 10, 2024 This guide explains how to set up a headless Windows 10/11 VM on QEMU/KVM with full GPU and CPU passthrough on an Ubuntu 24.04 server. I did not find many guides on the topic, so I wanted to share how I accomplished it in a straightforward way.</p>\n<p><strong>GitHub - QaidVoid/Complete-Single-GPU-Passthrough: Single GPU...</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://github.com/QaidVoid/Complete-Single-GPU-Passthrough\" target=\"_blank\">https://github.com/QaidVoid/Complete-Single-GPU-Passthrough</a><br>\nOct 14, 2020 Single GPU VFIO Passthrough Guide.There doesn't seem to be a large performance penalty for disabling it, so turn it off for now until ReBAR support is available for KVM. Set the kernel paramater depending on your CPU.</p>\n<p>**<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/high-power-usage-for-passthrough-gpu-when-vm-is-stopped.131346/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/high-power-usage-for-passthrough-gpu-when-vm-is-stopped.131346/</a>eads/high-power-usage-for-passthrough-gpu-when-vm-is-stopped.131346/)<br>\n Keep the VM running in idle or create a smaller VM with the NVidia drivers to reduce the power draw of the GPU. Or switch to an AMD or Intel GPU that is properly supported by the Linux kernel drivers.</p>\n<p>**<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/gpu-passthrough.103442/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/gpu-passthrough.103442/</a>://forum.proxmox.com/threads/gpu-passthrough.103442/)<br>\nJan 21, 2022 If you have only one GPU and you are booting the Proxmox host with UEFI, try running this command as root on the Proxmox host console before starting the VM.</p>\n<p><strong>Switching passthrough GPU between VMs - Proxmox Support Forum</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/switching-passthrough-gpu-between-vms.154809/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/switching-passthrough-gpu-between-vms.154809/</a><br>\n GPU Passthrough Mechanism: When a GPU is passed through to a VM, it is dedicated exclusively to that VM. The GPU drivers, both on the host and ...</p>\n<p><strong>PCI Express® Base Specification</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://pcisig.com/specifications/pcie-70-specification-version-07-now-available-members\" target=\"_blank\">https://pcisig.com/specifications/pcie-70-specification-version-07-now-available-members</a><br>\n Scalable I/O Virtualization ECN. This document introduces “Scalable I/O Virtualizatio...view more This document introduces “Scalable I/O Virtualization ...</p>\n<p><strong>Specifications - PCI-SIG</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://pcisig.com/specifications\" target=\"_blank\">https://pcisig.com/specifications</a><br>\n PCI-SIG specifications define standards driving the industry-wide compatibility of peripheral component interconnects.</p>\n<p>**<a href=\"https://cdrdv2-public.intel.com/774119/intel-data-center-gpuflexseries-virtualization-guide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">https://cdrdv2-public.intel.com/774119/intel-data-center-gpuflexseries-virtualization-guide.pdf</a>.com/774119/intel-data-center-gpuflexseries-virtualization-guide.pdf)<br>\n This document covers the implementation of graphics device virtualization approaches like Passthrough and Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV). ... PCIe ...</p>\n<p><strong>Active State Power Management - 1.0 English - PG343</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://docs.amd.com/r/en-US/pg343-pcie-versal/Active-State-Power-Management\" target=\"_blank\">https://docs.amd.com/r/en-US/pg343-pcie-versal/Active-State-Power-Management</a><br>\n The Active State Power Management (ASPM) functionality is autonomous and transparent from a user-logic function perspective. The core supports the conditions required for ASPM. The integrated block supports ASPM L0s and ASPM L1. L0s and L1 should not be enabled in parallel.</p>\n<p><strong>Power Management - 1.3 English - PG213 - AMD</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://docs.amd.com/r/en-US/pg213-pcie4-ultrascale-plus/Power-Management\" target=\"_blank\">https://docs.amd.com/r/en-US/pg213-pcie4-ultrascale-plus/Power-Management</a><br>\n For additional information on ASPM and PPM implementation, see the PCI Express Base Specification.</p>\n<p><strong>Chapter 15. PCI passthrough | Virtualization Guide - Red Hat</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/5/html/virtualization/chap-virtualization-pci_passthrough\" target=\"_blank\">https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/5/html/virtualization/chap-virtualization-pci_passthrough</a><br>\nDec 04, 2013 PCI passthrough allows PCI devices to appear and behave as if they were physically attached to the guest operating system. PCI devices are limited by the ...</p>\n<p><strong>3.7. Active-State Power Management - Red Hat</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/power_management_guide/aspm\" target=\"_blank\">https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/power_management_guide/aspm</a><br>\nSep 25, 2017 Active-State Power Management (ASPM) saves power in the Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCI Express or PCIe) subsystem by setting a lower power state for PCIe links when the devices to which they connect are not in use.</p>\n<p><strong>20.16.9.7. PCI passthrough | Virtualization Administration Guide | Red ...</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/virtualization_administration_guide/sub-sub-section-libvirt-dom-xml-devices-network-interfaces-pci-passthrough\" target=\"_blank\">https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/virtualization_administration_guide/sub-sub-section-libvirt-dom-xml-devices-network-interfaces-pci-passthrough</a><br>\n Note that this \"intelligent passthrough\" of network devices is very similar to the functionality of a standard hostdev device, the difference being that this method allows specifying a MAC address and virtualport for the passed-through device.</p>\n<p><strong>Appendix C. Configuring a Host for PCI Passthrough | Installing Red...</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_virtualization/4.3/html/installing_red_hat_virtualization_as_a_self-hosted_engine_using_the_cockpit_web_interface/configuring_a_host_for_pci_passthrough_she_cockpit_deploy\" target=\"_blank\">https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_virtualization/4.3/html/installing_red_hat_virtualization_as_a_self-hosted_engine_using_the_cockpit_web_interface/configuring_a_host_for_pci_passthrough_she_cockpit_deploy</a><br>\nMay 13, 2019 See PCI Device Requirements for more information. Configuring a Host for PCI Passthrough. Enable the virtualization extension and IOMMU extension in the BIOS.</p>\n<p><strong>The Curse of ASPM</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://z8.re/blog/aspm\" target=\"_blank\">https://z8.re/blog/aspm</a><br>\nNov 02, 2023 So the Mellanox ConnectX-3 has ASPM disabled and as a result of that the PCIe slot it is plugged into also reports that ASPM is disabled. Before ...</p>\n<p><strong>Improving power efficiency and configuring ASPM</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/improving-power-efficiency-and-configuring-aspm.133493/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/improving-power-efficiency-and-configuring-aspm.133493/</a><br>\nSep 12, 2023 I need help to optimally configure the ASPM particularly for the Intel Arc A380 and my Dell H310 HBA card (should ASPM be enabled for this device?)</p>\n<p>**<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/high-power-usage-for-passthrough-gpu-when-vm-is-stopped.131346/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/high-power-usage-for-passthrough-gpu-when-vm-is-stopped.131346/</a>eads/high-power-usage-for-passthrough-gpu-when-vm-is-stopped.131346/)<br>\n As measured (by multiple people), the GPU does not power down completely without drivers. It's not what you expect or what people want, but that's what how they work.</p>\n<p>**<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/gpu-passthrough-with-nvidia-in-linux-vm-improve-stability.166766/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/gpu-passthrough-with-nvidia-in-linux-vm-improve-stability.166766/</a>s/gpu-passthrough-with-nvidia-in-linux-vm-improve-stability.166766/)<br>\nMay 28, 2025 pcie_aspm=powersave Enables PCIe Active State Power Management in powersave mode. → Reduces idle power consumption of PCIe devices (can be disabled if causing instability, but works well with modern hardware).</p>\n<p>**<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/pci-gpu-passthrough-on-proxmox-ve-8-installation-and-configuration.130218/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/pci-gpu-passthrough-on-proxmox-ve-8-installation-and-configuration.130218/</a>u-passthrough-on-proxmox-ve-8-installation-and-configuration.130218/)<br>\nJul 06, 2023 In this article, I propose taking a closer look at the configuration process for setting up PCI Passthrough on Proxmox VE 8.0 (I had initially planned this article for Proxmox VE 7, but since the new version has just been released, it's an opportunity to test!).</p>\n<p><strong>Aspm Control For CPU Pcie - TechBloat</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.techbloat.com/aspm-control-for-cpu-pcie.html\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.techbloat.com/aspm-control-for-cpu-pcie.html</a><br>\n Configuring ASPM control requires an understanding of both the firmware and the operating system you are using. Here are the critical steps and considerations for successfully managing ASPM settings.</p>\n<p><strong>Aspm Control For CPU Pcie</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://ms.codes/blogs/computer-hardware/aspm-control-for-cpu-pcie\" target=\"_blank\">https://ms.codes/blogs/computer-hardware/aspm-control-for-cpu-pcie</a><br>\nApr 18, 2024 The ASPM (Active State Power Management) control for CPU PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) is a feature that allows for power optimization in computer systems.</p>\n<p><strong>The Curse of ASPM</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://z8.re/blog/aspm\" target=\"_blank\">https://z8.re/blog/aspm</a><br>\nNov 02, 2023 The HBA PCIe device has ASPM disabled; The PCIe slot it is connected to also has ASPM disabled. 26W total system power draw without the ...</p>\n<p><strong>3.7. Active-State Power Management - Red Hat</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/power_management_guide/aspm\" target=\"_blank\">https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/power_management_guide/aspm</a><br>\n Active-State Power Management (ASPM) saves power in the Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCI Express or PCIe) subsystem by setting a lower power ...</p>\n<p><strong>PCI Express Active-State Power Management (ASPM) Disabled</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/ASUSROG/comments/un5xp8/help_pci_express_activestate_power_management/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.reddit.com/r/ASUSROG/comments/un5xp8/help_pci_express_activestate_power_management/</a><br>\nMay 11, 2022 PCI Express Active-State Power Management (ASPM) has been disabled due to a known incompatibility with the hardware in this computer.</p>\n<p><strong>Nvidia driver Xid 79 GPU crash while idling if ASPM L0s is enabled ...</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/t/nvidia-driver-xid-79-gpu-crash-while-idling-if-aspm-l0s-is-enabled-in-uefi-bios-gpu-has-fallen-off-the-bus/314453\" target=\"_blank\">https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/t/nvidia-driver-xid-79-gpu-crash-while-idling-if-aspm-l0s-is-enabled-in-uefi-bios-gpu-has-fallen-off-the-bus/314453</a><br>\nNov 23, 2024 It appears that power saving features cause Xid 79 error in Nvidia kernel driver which causes GPU crash with GPU has fallen off the bus message.</p></details>\n<details><summary>Contemplating...</summary> PCIe ASPM is a host platform power management feature. BIOS, host OS, and kernel parameters like pcie_aspm=force typically affect how the host and its hardware (PCIe root complex) manage ASPM. In passthrough, the VM is given virtualized access to the PCIe device, but it cannot control host PCIe link states. VM kernel options do not affect actual ASPM at the hardware layer—only the host's do. Need to confirm from further hardware/OS documentation.</details>\n<details><summary>Gathering key details from:<p></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/power_management_guide/aspm\" target=\"_blank\">3.7. Active-State Power Management | Power Management Guide | Red Hat Enterprise Linux | 7 | Red Hat Documentation</a></li></ul></summary> </details>\n\n<details><summary>Gathering key details from:<p></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/5/html/virtualization/chap-virtualization-pci_passthrough\" target=\"_blank\">Chapter 15. PCI passthrough | Virtualization Guide | Red Hat Enterprise Linux | 5 | Red Hat Documentation</a></li></ul></summary> </details>\n\n<details><summary>Contemplating...</summary> The RHEL 7 documentation clarifies ASPM is a host power management feature, enforced through BIOS/firmware and the host kernel parameter (e.g. pcie_aspm=force). Guest OS controls (like ASPM policy) affect only guest-visible power states, not the actual link state if the PCIe device is physically passed through, as the host retains hardware-level control. The virtualization guide emphasizes VT-d/IOMMU is required for PCI passthrough, but does not mention guest-level ASPM control affecting hardware. The implication is ASPM must be set on the host. One more step: check if any concrete sources contradict or further detail if certain hypervisors support forwarding ASPM control to guests in advanced scenarios.</details>\n<details><summary>Searching with Kagi:<p></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Does force_aspm kernel option in VM guest OS affect hardware ASPM in PCI passthrough</li>\n<li>PCIe ASPM passthrough who controls link state</li>\n<li>KVM host or VM controls hardware PCIe ASPM</li>\n<li>vfio passthrough aspm host or guest</li>\n<li>qemu aspm passthrough</li></ul></summary> Sources (50):<br>\n**<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/guest-internal-error-when-passing-through-pcie.99239/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/guest-internal-error-when-passing-through-pcie.99239/</a>reads/guest-internal-error-when-passing-through-pcie.99239/)<br>\nNov 06, 2021 The guest runs fine without PCI passthrough. ... Have you tried adding pcie_aspm=off or pci=noaer to the kernel parameters to work around this?\n\n<p><strong>Improving power efficiency and configuring ASPM</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/improving-power-efficiency-and-configuring-aspm.133493/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/improving-power-efficiency-and-configuring-aspm.133493/</a><br>\n I'm currently on Proxmox 8.0.4 running kernel 6.2.16-12-pve and I've been working on improving the power efficiency of my server. I need help to optimally configure the ASPM particularly for the Intel Arc A380 and my Dell H310 HBA card (should ASPM be enabled for this device?)</p>\n<p>**<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/gpu-passthrough-with-nvidia-in-linux-vm-improve-stability.166766/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/gpu-passthrough-with-nvidia-in-linux-vm-improve-stability.166766/</a>s/gpu-passthrough-with-nvidia-in-linux-vm-improve-stability.166766/)<br>\nMay 28, 2025 GPU 1: NVIDIA GTX 1660 Ti (direct PCIe passthrough to first VM). GPU 2: NVIDIA GTX 1650, connected via Oculink to NVMe adapter (passed through to a second VM). Both VMs can run at the same time, each with exclusive, hardware-passthrough NVIDIA GPUs.</p>\n<p><strong>Passing Kernel Parameters | Proxmox Support Forum</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/passing-kernel-parameters.135802/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/passing-kernel-parameters.135802/</a><br>\nNov 01, 2023 If you want to add pcie_port_pm=off pcie_aspm.policy=performance to the kernel even when booting on ZFS, you must add these parameters to /etc/kernel/cmdline and then run proxmox-boot-tool refresh.I've run proxmox-boot-tool refresh and no effect.</p>\n<p><strong>Power management - ArchWiki</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Power_management\" target=\"_blank\">https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Power_management</a><br>\nAug 22, 2017</p>\n<p><strong>PCI passthrough via OVMF/Examples - ArchWiki</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/PCI_passthrough_via_OVMF/Examples\" target=\"_blank\">https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/PCI_passthrough_via_OVMF/Examples</a><br>\nJun 14, 2017</p>\n<p><strong>ASPM on Linux — Linux Wireless documentation</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://wireless.docs.kernel.org/en/latest/en/users/documentation/aspm.html\" target=\"_blank\">https://wireless.docs.kernel.org/en/latest/en/users/documentation/aspm.html</a><br>\nOct 12, 2024 This is required to know exactly where to poke a PCIE device to force enable ASPM manually for a specific root complex or endpoint device. This section covers how to do this.</p>\n<p><strong>ASPM AER: disable for specific device - Arch Linux Forums</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=264364\" target=\"_blank\">https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=264364</a><br>\n Missing: VM guest OS affect passthrough</p>\n<p>**<a href=\"https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=225761\" target=\"_blank\">https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=225761</a>c.php?id=225761](https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=225761)<br>\nJun 01, 2017 On my system I'm running Arch Linux 64bit with the 4.11 Kernel and use kvm to run a virtualized Windows 10 64bit home with a GTX 1070 passed through to the vm guest. This workes as expected, the ryzen gets recognized by Windows 10...</p>\n<p><strong>Going around impossibility of enabling ASPM / Kernel & Hardware / Arch ...</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=165541\" target=\"_blank\">https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=165541</a><br>\n The question is, does it actually enable ASPM, or does it just change the text value, leaving ASPM still inactive. This is a blind guess, but I'd say you're running an Intel CPU, in which case using \"pcie_aspm=force\" for power management is waaaaaaaaaaayyyyy outdated.</p>\n<p><strong>The Curse of ASPM</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://z8.re/blog/aspm\" target=\"_blank\">https://z8.re/blog/aspm</a><br>\nNov 02, 2023 So the Mellanox ConnectX-3 has ASPM disabled and as a result of that the PCIe slot it is plugged into also reports that ASPM is disabled. Before ...</p>\n<p><strong>ASPM on Linux — Linux Wireless documentation</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://wireless.docs.kernel.org/en/latest/en/users/documentation/aspm.html\" target=\"_blank\">https://wireless.docs.kernel.org/en/latest/en/users/documentation/aspm.html</a><br>\nOct 12, 2024 This enables PCI Express ASPM (Active State Power Management) and.How to read the Link Control Register for ASPM#. The Link Control Register on the PCI device tells us if ASPM is enabled and what ASPM settings will be used.</p>\n<p><strong>Link State Power Management - PCI Express - Reddit</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/overclocking/comments/88i6kf/power_management_settings_pci_express_link_state/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.reddit.com/r/overclocking/comments/88i6kf/power_management_settings_pci_express_link_state/</a><br>\nMar 31, 2018 In advanced settings for power mode \"Balanced\", there is an option \"PCI Express - Link State Power Management\" and it is set to \"Maximum Power Savings\".</p>\n<p><strong>Active State Power Management - Wikipedia</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_State_Power_Management\" target=\"_blank\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_State_Power_Management</a><br>\n Active-state power management (ASPM) is a power management mechanism for PCI Express devices to garner power savings while otherwise in a fully active state.</p>\n<p>**What is ASPM in BIOS & How to Use It? <a href=\"https://10pcg.com/what-is-aspm-in-bios/\" target=\"_blank\">https://10pcg.com/what-is-aspm-in-bios/</a>.com/what-is-aspm-in-bios/)<br>\n Active State Power Management, or ASPM for short, is a system-level power-saving mechanism that dictates idle power consumption of PCI-e devices, like GPU or M.2 NVMe SSD. It basically controls the power state in both ways across the PCI-Express link, even when the said device is powered on.</p>\n<p><strong>High Power Usage for Passthrough GPU When VM Is Stopped</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/high-power-usage-for-passthrough-gpu-when-vm-is-stopped.131346/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/high-power-usage-for-passthrough-gpu-when-vm-is-stopped.131346/</a><br>\nJul 28, 2023 [SOLVED] - High Power Usage for Passthrough GPU When VM Is Stopped | Proxmox Support Forum.</p>\n<p>**<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/guest-internal-error-when-passing-through-pcie.99239/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/guest-internal-error-when-passing-through-pcie.99239/</a>x.com/threads/guest-internal-error-when-passing-through-pcie.99239/)<br>\nNov 07, 2021 avw said: I think pcie_aspm=off applies to all PCIe devices on the system, so it might have more impact. Then again, specific drivers for devices might do most of the power-management, regardless of this setting for the PCIe bus.</p>\n<p><strong>MalfTLP, BadTLP, errors preventing PCIe passthrough of MT7612EN...</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/malftlp-badtlp-errors-preventing-pcie-passthrough-of-mt7612en-wlan-mini-pcie-module.138411/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/malftlp-badtlp-errors-preventing-pcie-passthrough-of-mt7612en-wlan-mini-pcie-module.138411/</a><br>\nDec 19, 2023 I'm having trouble getting passthrough to work with a mini-PCIe WIFI module (MT7612EN). With a fresh install of Proxmox 7.4 from ISO, when trying to activate passthrough of the PCIe WIFI module to a VM it throws a \"MalfTLP\" error.</p>\n<p><strong>Active-State Power Management - 22.11 - ID:764257 - Intel</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://edc.intel.com/content/www/us/en/design/products/ethernet/config-guide-e810-dpdk/active-state-power-management/\" target=\"_blank\">https://edc.intel.com/content/www/us/en/design/products/ethernet/config-guide-e810-dpdk/active-state-power-management/</a><br>\n Active-State Power Management (ASPM) saves power in the PCIe subsystem by setting a lower power state for PCIe links when the devices to which they connect are not in use.</p>\n<p>**<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/intel-i226-v-pci-passthrough-failure.130632/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/intel-i226-v-pci-passthrough-failure.130632/</a>forum.proxmox.com/threads/intel-i226-v-pci-passthrough-failure.130632/)<br>\nJul 14, 2023 PCI passthrough the SATA controller works fine. VM start task hangs and no qemu kvm process was started when Intel I226 PCI passthrough was configured. It seems the driver unbind/bind will also cause internal state havoc for the igc driver as my network connection through other...</p>\n<p><strong>Turning off devices with the vfio-pci driver that aren't used ... - Reddit</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/VFIO/comments/15jsin4/turning_off_devices_with_the_vfiopci_driver_that/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.reddit.com/r/VFIO/comments/15jsin4/turning_off_devices_with_the_vfiopci_driver_that/</a><br>\nAug 06, 2023 I managed to set up KVM/QEMU with virt-manager and now I'm passing through PCIe devices (USB controller, sound card, GPU, ethernet card), which works great.</p>\n<p><strong>Do you experience instability? Try disabling ASPM. : r/VFIO - Reddit</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/VFIO/comments/1dowdsd/do_you_experience_instability_try_disabling_aspm/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.reddit.com/r/VFIO/comments/1dowdsd/do_you_experience_instability_try_disabling_aspm/</a><br>\n The firmware update had reset all settings back to their default values, but since I had ASPM enabled before I figured I could keep using it. I flipped ASPM back on and that's when the problems began. Trying to start a Windows VM with passed-through graphics resulted in kernel panics on the host.</p>\n<p><strong>Aspm Control For CPU Pcie - TechBloat</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.techbloat.com/aspm-control-for-cpu-pcie.html\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.techbloat.com/aspm-control-for-cpu-pcie.html</a><br>\n Configuring ASPM control requires an understanding of both the firmware and the operating system you are using. Here are the critical steps and considerations for successfully managing ASPM settings.</p>\n<p><strong>Unable to start ubuntu VM trying to passthrough a google coral TPU</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/unable-to-start-ubuntu-vm-trying-to-passthrough-a-google-coral-tpu.130943/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/unable-to-start-ubuntu-vm-trying-to-passthrough-a-google-coral-tpu.130943/</a><br>\nJul 21, 2023 pcie_port_pm=off disables power management for PCIe ports during boot. In environments like servers or virtualization platforms (e.g., Proxmox), this can help improve stability and performance, especially if certain hardware is incompatible with power-saving features.</p>\n<p><strong>Issue with Intel Arc A380 PCIe passthrough | Proxmox Support Forum</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/issue-with-intel-arc-a380-pcie-passthrough.133290/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/issue-with-intel-arc-a380-pcie-passthrough.133290/</a><br>\nSep 06, 2023 PCIe passthrough works fine with it. The host itself uses a second GPU (Nvidia Quadro P600).I tried using it for QSV encoding and main GPU. A Windows VM does boot, but it only shows an unkown PCIe device in the device manager. Installing the Intel Arc driver fails.</p>\n<p><strong>GPU Passthrough only works after suspend/resume of the host</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/gpu-passthrough-only-works-after-suspend-resume-of-the-host.58486/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/gpu-passthrough-only-works-after-suspend-resume-of-the-host.58486/</a><br>\n The fix is to suspend and resume the host. So if I do systemctl suspend and then resume the host the VM boots and the GPU passes through correctly.</p>\n<p><strong>motherboard - Why does disabling active power management in BIOS double ...</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://superuser.com/questions/1822809/why-does-disabling-active-power-management-in-bios-double-nvme-speed\" target=\"_blank\">https://superuser.com/questions/1822809/why-does-disabling-active-power-management-in-bios-double-nvme-speed</a><br>\n A PCIe 3.0 x4 link has a theoretical bandwidth of around 3.5-4GB/s and your drive manages about half that. The result is that the link is going to be operating in bursts where the drive marshals some data, sends it quickly over the link and then goes idle for a period before sending another burst.</p>\n<p><strong>Improving power efficiency and configuring ASPM - Proxmox Support Forum</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/improving-power-efficiency-and-configuring-aspm.133493/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/improving-power-efficiency-and-configuring-aspm.133493/</a><br>\n I'm currently on Proxmox 8.0.4 running kernel 6.2.16-12-pve and I've been working on improving the power efficiency of my server. I need help to optimally configure the ASPM particularly for the Intel Arc A380 and my Dell H310 HBA card (should ASPM be enabled for this device?)</p>\n<p>**<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/high-power-usage-for-passthrough-gpu-when-vm-is-stopped.131346/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/high-power-usage-for-passthrough-gpu-when-vm-is-stopped.131346/</a>eads/high-power-usage-for-passthrough-gpu-when-vm-is-stopped.131346/)<br>\n Keep the VM running in idle or create a smaller VM with the NVidia drivers to reduce the power draw of the GPU. Or switch to an AMD or Intel GPU that is properly supported by the Linux kernel drivers.</p>\n<p><strong>KVM PCI passthrough / Kernel & Hardware / Arch Linux Forums</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=202261\" target=\"_blank\">https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=202261</a><br>\nAug 23, 2017 Hello! I've been toying around with PCI passthrough. It seems to work okay somewhat (I can see my device in my VM) but nvidia does not want ...</p>\n<p><strong>High Power Usage for Passthrough GPU When VM Is Stopped</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/high-power-usage-for-passthrough-gpu-when-vm-is-stopped.131346/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/high-power-usage-for-passthrough-gpu-when-vm-is-stopped.131346/</a><br>\nJul 28, 2023 On guest VM, Debian w. 512MB RAM, 2 CPU cores, 4GB storage: Add the PCI device for passthrough. Add non-free repository in /etc/apt/sources.</p>\n<p>**<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/guest-internal-error-when-passing-through-pcie.99239/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/guest-internal-error-when-passing-through-pcie.99239/</a>reads/guest-internal-error-when-passing-through-pcie.99239/)<br>\nNov 07, 2021 Did you blacklist the driver for the Coral TPU or bind it to the vfio-pci driver early to prevent the host from touching it? Have you tried adding pcie_aspm=off or pci=noaer to the kernel parameters to work around this?</p>\n<p>**<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/problem-with-gpu-passthrough.55918/page-4\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/problem-with-gpu-passthrough.55918/page-4</a>m.proxmox.com/threads/problem-with-gpu-passthrough.55918/page-4)<br>\nJan 21, 2021 The host is an Intel i7-3770 running on an Asus P8Z68-M PRO.I've an Intel Xeon E3 1220 v3 on a SuperMicro X10SLL-F with an old GT720 and I'm trying to set up the GPU Passthrough without success. The host crash after starting the guest vm.</p>\n<p>**<a href=\"https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/nvme-passthrough-issues-blacklisting-specific-device-cant-unbind-from-host.116657/\" target=\"_blank\">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/nvme-passthrough-issues-blacklisting-specific-device-cant-unbind-from-host.116657/</a>ough-issues-blacklisting-specific-device-cant-unbind-from-host.116657/)<br>\nOct 16, 2022 I'm trying to permanently passthrough a Samsung 980 NVME m.2 disk to VMs. The problem is that my host node continues to load this device with 'nvme' driver instead of vfio for passthrough.</p>\n<p><strong>VFIO pass-through for Linux as a KVM guest on IBM Z (zSystems, mainframe)</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/linux-on-systems?topic=vfio-concepts\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/linux-on-systems?topic=vfio-concepts</a><br>\n To avoid contention, a KVM host must relinquish direct control of the host resource that backs a VFIO pass-through device. For these host resources, the VFIO framework substitutes the default device drivers on the KVM host with device-specific VFIO device drivers.</p>\n<p><strong>Host setup for VFIO pass-through devices on Linux as a KVM guest ... - IBM</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/linux-on-systems?topic=vfio-host-setup\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/linux-on-systems?topic=vfio-host-setup</a><br>\nJul 31, 2021 After completing the host setup for a VFIO pass-through device, you can configure the device for a KVM guest (see KVM Virtual Server Management, SC34-2752).</p>\n<p><strong>Configuring pass-through PCI devices - IBM</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/linux-on-systems?topic=vfio-pass-through-pci\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/linux-on-systems?topic=vfio-pass-through-pci</a><br>\n Alternatively, you can perform the host setup as described in Preparing PCI pass-through devices. Configure the PCI device with the hostdev element (see <hostdev>). The managed attribute is optional. If it is set to yes, libvirt handles the host setup for the device for you.</p>\n<p><strong>Host setup to support VFIO pass-through for Linux as a KVM guest ... - IBM</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/linux-on-systems?topic=integration-vfio\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/linux-on-systems?topic=integration-vfio</a><br>\n KVM hosts can use the Virtual Function I/O (VFIO) framework and the VFIO mediated device framework to pass host devices with their attributes through to their KVM guests.</p>\n<p><strong>Host preparation of PCI VFIO pass-through devices on Linux on IBM Z as ...</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/linux-on-systems?topic=through-pci\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/linux-on-systems?topic=through-pci</a><br>\n To make a PCIe device eligible as a VFIO pass-through device, you must bring it under control of the vfio_pci device driver.</p>\n<p><strong>Setting up a KVM host for VFIO pass-through - IBM</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/linux-on-systems?topic=kvsi-vfio-4\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/linux-on-systems?topic=kvsi-vfio-4</a><br>\n KVM hosts can use the Virtual Function I/O (VFIO) framework and the VFIO mediated device framework to pass host devices with their attributes through to their KVM guests.</p>\n<p><strong>qemu single GPU pass-through with variable stop script? - Reddit</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/VFIO/comments/1fgg4h5/qemu_single_gpu_passthrough_with_variable_stop/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.reddit.com/r/VFIO/comments/1fgg4h5/qemu_single_gpu_passthrough_with_variable_stop/</a><br>\n I would like to use single GPU pass-through, but it doesn't work correctly for me when exiting the VM. I can start it just fine, the script will exit my WM, ...</p>\n<p><strong>QEMU / KVM CPU model configuration</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://www.qemu.org/docs/master/system/qemu-cpu-models.html\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.qemu.org/docs/master/system/qemu-cpu-models.html</a><br>\nJun 17, 2020 This uses the QEMU “Named model” feature, automatically picking a CPU model that is similar the host CPU, and then adding extra features to approximate the host model as closely as possible.</p>\n<p><strong>GPU passthrough with virt-manager, QEMU, and KVM - Gentoo Wiki</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/GPU_passthrough_with_virt-manager,_QEMU,_and_KVM\" target=\"_blank\">https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/GPU_passthrough_with_virt-manager,_QEMU,_and_KVM</a><br>\nAug 02, 2025 GPU passthrough is a technology that allows the Linux kernel to directly present an internal PCI GPU as-is for direct use by a virtual machine.</p>\n<p><strong>Device Passthrough | qemus/qemu | DeepWiki</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://deepwiki.com/qemus/qemu/4.3-device-passthrough\" target=\"_blank\">https://deepwiki.com/qemus/qemu/4.3-device-passthrough</a><br>\n Device passthrough in the QEMU container enables direct access to various host hardware components from within the virtual machine. This capability is essential for achieving near-native performance for I/O operations and accessing specialized hardware functionality.</p>\n<p><strong>bryansteiner/gpu-passthrough-tutorial - GitHub</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://github.com/bryansteiner/gpu-passthrough-tutorial\" target=\"_blank\">https://github.com/bryansteiner/gpu-passthrough-tutorial</a><br>\n In this tutorial, I will create a GPU passthrough setup. Specifically, I will be passing through an NVIDIA GPU to my guest VM while using an AMD GPU for my ...</p>\n<p><strong>Create KVM with Full GPU and CPU Passthrough - GitHub</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://github.com/HarbourHeading/KVM-GPU-Passthrough\" target=\"_blank\">https://github.com/HarbourHeading/KVM-GPU-Passthrough</a><br>\nNov 10, 2024 Create KVM with Full GPU and CPU Passthrough. This guide explains how to set up a headless Windows 10/11 VM on QEMU/KVM with full GPU and CPU passthrough on an Ubuntu 24.04 server.</p>\n<p><strong>kvm-qemu-virtualization-guide/Docs/02 - PCI-e Passthrough.md at...</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://github.com/mateussouzaweb/kvm-qemu-virtualization-guide/blob/master/Docs/02%20-%20PCI-e%20Passthrough.md\" target=\"_blank\">https://github.com/mateussouzaweb/kvm-qemu-virtualization-guide/blob/master/Docs/02%20-%20PCI-e%20Passthrough.md</a><br>\nApr 30, 2024 PCI-e passthrough is a feature that allows the redirection of hardware devices to virtual machines. If you want to use your GPU in a VM for example, you need to enable such feature in the BIOS. Start by checking if the following BIOS settings are correctly configured in your motherboard</p>\n<p><strong>PCI passthrough via OVMF - ArchWiki</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/PCI_passthrough_via_OVMF\" target=\"_blank\">https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/PCI_passthrough_via_OVMF</a><br>\nAug 23, 2017</p>\n<p><strong>GitHub - Marrca35/Single-GPU-Passthrough-for-Arch-Linux: This is an...</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://github.com/Marrca35/Single-GPU-Passthrough-for-Arch-Linux\" target=\"_blank\">https://github.com/Marrca35/Single-GPU-Passthrough-for-Arch-Linux</a><br>\nAug 04, 2022 Starting VM with GPU passthrough. Introduction. This tutorial walks you through how to passthrough your boot GPU to a guest machine on Arch Linux, this tutorial will work on other distros. Credits. [Chirjonit] for inspiring me to create a VM when I was still running Pop!</p>\n<p><strong>QEMU/Guest graphics acceleration - ArchWiki</strong><br>\n<a href=\"https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/QEMU/Guest_graphics_acceleration\" target=\"_blank\">https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/QEMU/Guest_graphics_acceleration</a><br>\nAug 09, 2018 </p></details>\n<details><summary>Contemplating...</summary> No documentation or forums contradict the original finding: PCIe ASPM control, including the force_aspm boot option, must be set on the host OS, not inside the VM, for passthrough devices. ASPM at the hardware (link) level is managed by the root complex on the host, not by the VM guest OS even when accessing the device directly through VFIO/KVM/QEMU. Will move to response planning and citation.</details>\n<details><summary>Planning response...</summary> RHEL and Linux documentation confirm that PCIe ASPM (Active State Power Management), including the pcie_aspm=force option, affects hardware-level PCIe link states only when enabled on the host system. The guest OS operating inside a VM with a passed-through PCIe device cannot influence the physical link state; its own ASPM policy settings apply only to software-level power management, not actual PCIe link power states. Community and technical sources reinforce this: only the host can control link-level PCIe ASPM for physical passthrough devices. No evidence supports host-to-guest forwarding of actual ASPM link control in KVM/QEMU environments.<p></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Clarify what PCIe ASPM and pcie_aspm=force do.</li>\n<li>Explain why ASPM control is a host-level feature in passthrough scenarios.</li>\n<li>Summarize clear guidance: enable pcie_aspm=force (or similar) only on the host, not inside the VM guest.</li>\n<li>Note that guest kernel ASPM policy will not affect actual hardware link state for passed-through devices.</li>\n<li>Cite Red Hat documentation and Linux power management sources for verification.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Use an initial summary statement with a clear recommendation. Follow with a brief technical rationale, then citation list. Use bullet points and short paragraphs for clarity.</p></details><p><strong>Enable the force_aspm boot option on the host, not inside the VM.</strong></p>\n<p>When using GPU passthrough, PCIe ASPM (Active State Power Management) control remains at the hardware level, which means only the host operating system can actually control the physical PCIe link states. <sup class=\"trigger\"><a href=\"https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/QEMU/Guest_graphics_acceleration\">1</a><span class=\"tooltip top center citation\"><a href=\"https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/QEMU/Guest_graphics_acceleration#:~:\"><span class=\"source\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"/proxy/favicons?c=lQ30-cxV_E2Vdyqb6hrbuYgId7qu7hecjO7o1T7aqQDFc7XpcLttL1Ryala-GNHJaIrlJY3z1wuDWQxwSWbPLgLt9KLiewXUVFwT4QoAJ7M%3D\"> wiki.archlinux.org</span><b>1. QEMU/Guest graphics acceleration - ArchWiki</b></a><span class=\"passage\"></span></span></sup></p>\n<h2>Why Host-Only Configuration</h2>\n<p>PCIe ASPM operates at the hardware link level between the motherboard and the physical device. In a passthrough scenario:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Host controls hardware</strong>: The host kernel directly manages physical PCIe links and their power states</li>\n<li><strong>VM has limited access</strong>: The guest OS in the VM cannot influence actual hardware link power management for passed-through devices <sup class=\"trigger\"><a href=\"https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/QEMU/Guest_graphics_acceleration\">1</a><span class=\"tooltip top center citation\"><a href=\"https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/QEMU/Guest_graphics_acceleration#:~:\"><span class=\"source\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"/proxy/favicons?c=lQ30-cxV_E2Vdyqb6hrbuYgId7qu7hecjO7o1T7aqQDFc7XpcLttL1Ryala-GNHJaIrlJY3z1wuDWQxwSWbPLgLt9KLiewXUVFwT4QoAJ7M%3D\"> wiki.archlinux.org</span><b>1. QEMU/Guest graphics acceleration - ArchWiki</b></a><span class=\"passage\"></span></span></sup></li>\n<li><strong>No forwarding mechanism</strong>: There's no mechanism in KVM/QEMU that forwards ASPM control from guest to host</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Implementation</h2>\n<p>Set the boot parameter on your <strong>host system</strong>:<br>\n</p><div class=\"codehilite\"><span class=\"filename\">Text Only</span><pre><span></span><code>pcie_aspm=force\n</code></pre></div><p></p>\n<p>Do not set this parameter inside the VM - it will have no effect on the actual hardware power management of the passed-through GPU.</p>\n<h2>Important Notes</h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Any ASPM-related kernel parameters set within the VM will only affect software-level power management policies, not the actual PCIe link states</li>\n<li>The physical GPU's power management remains under host kernel control even when passed through to the VM</li>\n<li>This applies to all PCIe passthrough devices, not just GPUs</li>\n</ul>\n<p>This configuration ensures that ASPM is properly enabled at the hardware level where it can actually control the physical PCIe link power states.</p>","md":"**Enable the force_aspm boot option on the host, not inside the VM.**\n\nWhen using GPU passthrough, PCIe ASPM (Active State Power Management) control remains at the hardware level, which means only the host operating system can actually control the physical PCIe link states. [^1]\n\n## Why Host-Only Configuration\n\nPCIe ASPM operates at the hardware link level between the motherboard and the physical device. In a passthrough scenario:\n\n- **Host controls hardware**: The host kernel directly manages physical PCIe links and their power states\n- **VM has limited access**: The guest OS in the VM cannot influence actual hardware link power management for passed-through devices [^1]\n- **No forwarding mechanism**: There's no mechanism in KVM/QEMU that forwards ASPM control from guest to host\n\n## Implementation\n\nSet the boot parameter on your **host system**:\n```\npcie_aspm=force\n```\n\nDo not set this parameter inside the VM - it will have no effect on the actual hardware power management of the passed-through GPU.\n\n## Important Notes\n\n- Any ASPM-related kernel parameters set within the VM will only affect software-level power management policies, not the actual PCIe link states\n- The physical GPU's power management remains under host kernel control even when passed through to the VM\n- This applies to all PCIe passthrough devices, not just GPUs\n\nThis configuration ensures that ASPM is properly enabled at the hardware level where it can actually control the physical PCIe link power states.","profile":{"id":"8ebd3ce7-61e4-4ce9-8e62-65d400eb3af7","name":"Ki (Multi-step Assistant)","subtitle":null,"model":"ki","model_name":"Ki","model_provider":"kagi","model_input_limit":1000000,"recommended":true,"model_info":"\n\n<div class=\"heading\">\n <div class=\"left\">\n \n \n \n <svg class=\"model-icon icon-xs\" data-model=\"ki\">\n <use href=\"#icon-sparkles\"/>\n </svg>\n <h3>\n \n <span class=\"model-name\">Ki (Multi-step Assistant)</span>\n </h3>\n </div>\n\n \n <a href=\"/settings?p=custom_assistant&id=8ebd3ce7-61e4-4ce9-8e62-65d400eb3af7\">\n <svg class=\"icon-sm edit-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n <use href=\"#icon-pencil\" />\n </svg>\n </a>\n \n</div>\n\n\n<hr />\n<ul>\n \n <li>\n <h4>\n Model\n </h4>\n <span class=\"flex align-center gap-3\">\n <svg class=\"icon-xs icon\">\n <use href=\"#icon-kagi\" />\n </svg>\n <span class=\"model-name\">Ki</span>\n </span>\n </li>\n <li>\n <h4>\n Web access\n </h4>\n <span>On</span>\n </li>\n <li>\n <h4>\n Lenses\n </h4>\n <span>--</span>\n </li>\n \n</ul>\n","model_provider_name":"Kagi","internet_access":true,"personalizations":true,"shortcut":null,"is_default_profile":false},"metadata":"<li>\n <span class=\"attribute\">Model</span>\n <span class=\"value\"><i class=\"icon-xs mr-2\"><svg><use href=\"#icon-kagi\"></use></svg></i>Claude 4 Sonnet</span>\n</li>\n<li>\n <span class=\"attribute\">Version</span>\n <span class=\"value\">claude-sonnet-4-20250514</span>\n</li>\n<li>\n <span class=\"attribute\">Speed (tok/s)</span>\n <span class=\"value\">31</span>\n</li>\n<li>\n <span class=\"attribute\">Tokens</span>\n <span class=\"value\">8,097</span>\n</li>\n<li>\n <span class=\"attribute\">Cost / Total ($)</span>\n <span class=\"value\">0.28 / 0.28</span>\n</li>\n<li>\n <span class=\"attribute\">End to end time (s)</span>\n <span class=\"value\">74.78</span>\n</li>\n\n","documents":[]}]