[{"id":"56782f30-39a9-440b-a786-342eb7cc98d1","thread_id":"4b81364e-ee5c-4245-962e-ca44c0318357","created_at":"2025-06-30T11:17:53Z","state":"done","prompt":"In the context of electrolysers, please explain what these acronyms mean, and what their respective properties are in relation to each other.\n\nSOEC – High-temperature with ceramic electrolyte.\nPEM – Low-temperature with solid polymer electrolyte. \nAWE – Low-temperature, liquid alkaline electrolyte","reply":"<p>In the context of electrolysers, the acronyms SOEC, PEM, and AWE refer to different types of electrolysis technologies used for producing hydrogen. Here's a brief explanation of each, along with their respective properties and how they relate to each other:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>SOEC (Solid Oxide Electrolyser Cell)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Electrolyte</strong>: Ceramic electrolyte (typically yttria-stabilized zirconia)</li>\n<li><strong>Operating Temperature</strong>: High-temperature (typically between 500°C and 850°C)</li>\n<li><strong>Properties</strong>:<ul>\n<li>High electrical efficiency due to high operating temperatures, which reduce the energy required for the electrolysis reaction.</li>\n<li>Can utilize waste heat from other processes, improving overall system efficiency.</li>\n<li>Suitable for large-scale industrial applications.</li>\n<li>Long start-up time due to high operating temperatures.</li>\n<li>Can operate in reversible mode as a fuel cell.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Electrolyte</strong>: Solid polymer electrolyte (typically a proton-conducting polymer like Nafion)</li>\n<li><strong>Operating Temperature</strong>: Low-temperature (typically between 50°C and 80°C)</li>\n<li><strong>Properties</strong>:<ul>\n<li>High current density and compact design, making it suitable for applications where space is limited.</li>\n<li>Fast response times and ability to operate at varying loads.</li>\n<li>High purity hydrogen output.</li>\n<li>Requires precious metal catalysts (like platinum), which can be expensive.</li>\n<li>Suitable for small to medium-scale applications, including transportation and portable power.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>AWE (Alkaline Water Electrolyser)</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Electrolyte</strong>: Liquid alkaline electrolyte (typically potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide solution)</li>\n<li><strong>Operating Temperature</strong>: Low-temperature (typically between 60°C and 80°C)</li>\n<li><strong>Properties</strong>:<ul>\n<li>Mature and well-established technology with lower capital costs.</li>\n<li>Uses non-precious metal catalysts, reducing costs.</li>\n<li>Lower efficiency compared to PEM and SOEC.</li>\n<li>Slower response times and less suitable for varying loads.</li>\n<li>Suitable for large-scale industrial applications where cost is a primary concern.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h3>Comparison and Relation</h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Efficiency</strong>: SOEC generally has the highest efficiency due to its high operating temperature, followed by PEM, and then AWE.</li>\n<li><strong>Cost</strong>: AWE typically has the lowest capital cost, while PEM can be more expensive due to the use of precious metal catalysts. SOEC can have higher costs due to the materials required for high-temperature operation.</li>\n<li><strong>Operating Conditions</strong>: SOEC operates at high temperatures, while PEM and AWE operate at low temperatures. This affects their suitability for different applications and environments.</li>\n<li><strong>Response Time</strong>: PEM has the fastest response time, making it suitable for applications requiring quick start-up and varying loads. SOEC has a slower response time due to its high operating temperature, and AWE has a moderate response time.</li>\n<li><strong>Scalability</strong>: AWE and SOEC are more suitable for large-scale industrial applications, while PEM is often used for smaller-scale applications.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Each technology has its advantages and disadvantages, making them suitable for different applications depending on the specific requirements and constraints.</p>","md":"In the context of electrolysers, the acronyms SOEC, PEM, and AWE refer to different types of electrolysis technologies used for producing hydrogen. Here's a brief explanation of each, along with their respective properties and how they relate to each other:\n\n- **SOEC (Solid Oxide Electrolyser Cell)**\n - **Electrolyte**: Ceramic electrolyte (typically yttria-stabilized zirconia)\n - **Operating Temperature**: High-temperature (typically between 500°C and 850°C)\n - **Properties**:\n - High electrical efficiency due to high operating temperatures, which reduce the energy required for the electrolysis reaction.\n - Can utilize waste heat from other processes, improving overall system efficiency.\n - Suitable for large-scale industrial applications.\n - Long start-up time due to high operating temperatures.\n - Can operate in reversible mode as a fuel cell.\n\n- **PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane)**\n - **Electrolyte**: Solid polymer electrolyte (typically a proton-conducting polymer like Nafion)\n - **Operating Temperature**: Low-temperature (typically between 50°C and 80°C)\n - **Properties**:\n - High current density and compact design, making it suitable for applications where space is limited.\n - Fast response times and ability to operate at varying loads.\n - High purity hydrogen output.\n - Requires precious metal catalysts (like platinum), which can be expensive.\n - Suitable for small to medium-scale applications, including transportation and portable power.\n\n- **AWE (Alkaline Water Electrolyser)**\n - **Electrolyte**: Liquid alkaline electrolyte (typically potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide solution)\n - **Operating Temperature**: Low-temperature (typically between 60°C and 80°C)\n - **Properties**:\n - Mature and well-established technology with lower capital costs.\n - Uses non-precious metal catalysts, reducing costs.\n - Lower efficiency compared to PEM and SOEC.\n - Slower response times and less suitable for varying loads.\n - Suitable for large-scale industrial applications where cost is a primary concern.\n\n### Comparison and Relation\n\n- **Efficiency**: SOEC generally has the highest efficiency due to its high operating temperature, followed by PEM, and then AWE.\n- **Cost**: AWE typically has the lowest capital cost, while PEM can be more expensive due to the use of precious metal catalysts. SOEC can have higher costs due to the materials required for high-temperature operation.\n- **Operating Conditions**: SOEC operates at high temperatures, while PEM and AWE operate at low temperatures. This affects their suitability for different applications and environments.\n- **Response Time**: PEM has the fastest response time, making it suitable for applications requiring quick start-up and varying loads. SOEC has a slower response time due to its high operating temperature, and AWE has a moderate response time.\n- **Scalability**: AWE and SOEC are more suitable for large-scale industrial applications, while PEM is often used for smaller-scale applications.\n\nEach technology has its advantages and disadvantages, making them suitable for different applications depending on the specific requirements and constraints.","profile":{"id":"1fd94d21-87f4-40c3-8436-9af87f406c04","name":"Mistral Med","model":"mistral-medium","model_name":"Mistral Medium","model_provider":"mistral","model_input_limit":1000000,"recommended":false,"model_info":"\n\n<div class=\"heading\">\n <div class=\"left\">\n \n \n \n <svg class=\"model-icon icon-xs\" data-model=\"mistral-medium\">\n <use href=\"#icon-sparkles\"/>\n </svg>\n <h3>\n \n <span class=\"model-name\">Mistral Med</span>\n </h3>\n </div>\n\n \n <a href=\"/settings?p=custom_assistant&id=1fd94d21-87f4-40c3-8436-9af87f406c04\">\n <svg class=\"icon-sm edit-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n <use href=\"#icon-pencil\" />\n </svg>\n </a>\n \n</div>\n\n\n<hr />\n<ul>\n \n <li>\n <h4>\n Model\n </h4>\n <span class=\"flex align-center gap-3\">\n <svg class=\"icon-xs icon\">\n <use href=\"#icon-mistral\" />\n </svg>\n <span class=\"model-name\">Mistral Medium</span>\n </span>\n </li>\n <li>\n <h4>\n Web access\n </h4>\n <span>On</span>\n </li>\n <li>\n <h4>\n Lenses\n </h4>\n <span>--</span>\n </li>\n \n</ul>\n","model_provider_name":"Mistral AI","internet_access":true,"personalizations":true,"shortcut":null,"is_default_profile":false},"metadata":"<li>\n <span class=\"attribute\">Model</span>\n <span class=\"value\"><i class=\"icon-xs mr-2\"><svg><use href=\"#icon-mistral\"></use></svg></i>Mistral Medium</span>\n</li>\n<li>\n <span class=\"attribute\">Version</span>\n <span class=\"value\">mistral-medium-latest</span>\n</li>\n<li>\n <span class=\"attribute\">Speed (tok/s)</span>\n <span class=\"value\">47</span>\n</li>\n<li>\n <span class=\"attribute\">Tokens</span>\n <span class=\"value\">1,283</span>\n</li>\n<li>\n <span class=\"attribute\">Cost / Total ($)</span>\n <span class=\"value\">0.002 / 0.002</span>\n</li>\n<li>\n <span class=\"attribute\">End to end time (s)</span>\n <span class=\"value\">15.81</span>\n</li>\n\n","documents":[]}]